COMPETENCY GAPS AMONG BUILDING ENGINEERING VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AND INDUSTRY DEMANDS: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION IN WEST JAVA

Abstract

The mismatch between the competencies of Vocational High School (SMK) graduates and the needs of industry remains a strategic issue within Indonesia’s vocational education system. In particular, the Building Engineering vocational program requires graduates to possess integrated technical competencies, adaptability, and soft skills that align with the demands of the construction industry. However, Guidance and Counseling (GC) services in schools have not yet been fully oriented toward strengthening career readiness based on industry needs. This study aims to analyze the competency gaps between Building Engineering vocational students and industry requirements, as well as to examine the role of Guidance and Counseling service implementation in mitigating these gaps. This study employed a quantitative approach using an explanatory survey design. The research population consisted of students enrolled in the Building Engineering vocational program across West Java. A sample of 150 students was selected from SMK 5, SMK 6, SMKN 1 Cibinong, and SMKN 1 Purwakarta. The research instruments included an industry competency questionnaire, a Guidance and Counseling service perception questionnaire, and curriculum document analysis. Data were analyzed using gap analysis, multiple linear regression, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings revealed significant competency gaps in soft skills, construction digital literacy, and adaptive work readiness. Although the implementation of Guidance and Counseling services had a positive effect on students’ industry readiness, its contribution was not yet optimal. The study highlights the importance of reorienting Guidance and Counseling services toward a career development counseling approach and integrating industry requirements into vocational school guidance programs. These efforts are essential for enhancing students’ employability and ensuring stronger alignment between vocational education outcomes and labor market demands.