IMPROVEMENT OF THE TORREFACTION PROCESS WITH OPTIMIZATION OF TEMPERATURE THROUGH A SUNLIGHT REFLECTOR TO PRODUCE SOLID FUEL

Abstract

Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment process that enhances the fuel properties of biomass, making it more suitable as a renewable energy source. However, conventional torrefaction methods often require high energy input, which limits their economic and environmental sustainability. This study aims to improve the torrefaction process by optimizing the operational temperature using a sunlight reflector, thereby reducing external energy consumption while producing high-quality solid fuel. A series of experimental tests were conducted using agricultural biomass as the feedstock. The torrefaction process was facilitated by a parabolic solar reflector to harness concentrated solar energy. Temperature control was achieved by adjusting the focal point and reflector angle to maintain optimal conditions in the 220–280°C range. Key parameters such as mass yield, energy yield, moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and calorific value were analyzed to assess fuel quality. The results indicate that torrefaction at an optimized temperature of 260°C produced the highest-quality solid fuel, with a significant increase in calorific value and fixed carbon content, while reducing moisture and volatile matter. The use of a sunlight reflector successfully eliminated the need for fossil-based heating, thereby improving energy efficiency and lowering carbon emissions. This study demonstrates that temperature optimization through solar reflectors can significantly enhance the torrefaction process in a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable manner. The findings have practical implications for rural and off-grid biomass energy applications, supporting the development of clean and decentralized renewable energy systems.