THE PRINCIPLES OF MAQÂQSHID AL-SHARÎʿAH IN ADDRESSING CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL DILEMMAS: A STUDY OF THE THOUGHT OF ABU ISHAQ AL-SHATIBI IN AL-MUWÂFAQÂT

Abstract

This study analyzes the principles of maqâshid al-sharîʿah in addressing contemporary environmental dilemmas through an examination of the thought of Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi in Al-Muwâfaqât. Modern environmental challenges often reflect tensions between economic interests and environmental protection, particularly in global trade practices that may generate ecological consequences. One example is the export of used vehicles to developing countries, which can provide economic benefits and employment opportunities while also increasing air pollution due to weak emission control systems. This research employs a qualitative library-based approach focusing on the conceptual analysis of al-Shatibi’s ideas regarding mashlaḥah (public interest) and mafsadah (harm). Data were collected from relevant primary and secondary sources and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method to identify normative principles applicable to contemporary environmental issues. The findings reveal that al-Shatibi’s thought offers important guidance for resolving environmental dilemmas. In the case of used-vehicle exports, the study proposes nine policy solutions to mitigate environmental risks while preserving economic benefits. Furthermore, six conceptual principles are formulated: limiting sources of harm, ensuring responsibility for environmental impacts, balancing benefits and harms, improving means and methods, implementing gradual transitions, and considering long-term consequences. These findings demonstrate that the maqâshid al-sharîʿah approach remains highly relevant as an ethical and policy framework for addressing global environmental challenges and promoting sustainable development.