THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TRANSFORMING HEALTHCARE DELIVERY IN EMERGING MARKETS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Information Technology (IT) is increasingly heralded as a critical tool for overcoming chronic challenges in emerging markets (EMs), such as specialist shortages, geographical barriers, and data fragmentation. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) comprehensively assesses the landscape of IT utilization to understand its key transformative roles, mechanisms, and major implementation challenges in these resource-constrained settings. Following the SALSA framework and PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted exclusively in the Scopus database, yielding 124 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025. Data were extracted based on publication trends, geographical distribution, technology classification, and thematic content. The thematic synthesis focused on interpreting the roles and challenges reported across various IT categories. Research activity showed a sharp increase post-2021 and was heavily concentrated in Africa (n=56) and Asia (n=28). The technology classification revealed a dominance of studies focusing on Clinical Decision Support & AI/ML (n=35) and EHR/EMR/HIS (n=28). The thematic synthesis established that IT plays a dual role: enhancing clinical quality (through AI/ML to augment diagnosis) and expanding geographic access (via mHealth and Telemedicine). However, these efforts are constrained by persistent structural barriers, notably the lack of policy/governance frameworks (n=11), inadequate infrastructure, and reliance on unsustainable external funding. IT is an essential engine for transformation, effectively addressing clinical quality and access gaps. Yet, genuine and sustainable transformation requires a critical shift in focus. Future policy must prioritize robust governance, data interoperability, and local financing models to bridge the gap between technological innovation and effective systemic implementation.