SYNCHRONIZING STATE UTILITY AND SOLAR PV GOVERNANCE FOR INDONESIA’S NET-ZERO 2060 TRANSITION: A CO-CREATION AND QUR’ANIC ETHICS FRAMEWORK

Abstract

Indonesia’s transition toward net-zero emissions by 2060 requires more than expanding solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity; it also demands coordination among electricity-system planning, grid infrastructure, regulatory institutions, financing, human-resource development, and energy justice. This study aims to develop an integrated governance framework for synchronizing state utility operations and solar PV development through co-creation and Qur’anic ethics. Using a qualitative library research design and document analysis, the study examines Indonesian energy policies, electricity planning documents, relevant scholarly literature, and Qur’anic interpretations. The analysis identifies six interrelated governance domains: system planning and grid integration, institutional coordination, financing and investment, human-resource and technological capabilities, equitable energy access, and decarbonization with environmental stewardship. These domains are integrated into a conceptual framework that connects co-creation mechanisms, institutional responsibilities, ethical principles, and proposed key performance indicators (KPIs). The Qur’anic ethical layer emphasizes justice, trust, accountability, competence, and environmental responsibility as normative foundations for evaluating governance decisions. The study proposes a KPI roadmap toward 2060 to support monitoring of grid readiness, institutional performance, investment mobilization, workforce development, and transition outcomes. However, the proposed indicators require operational definitions, baseline verification, and stakeholder validation before implementation. This study contributes a governance-oriented framework for aligning Indonesia’s solar PV ambitions with institutional coordination, public accountability, and equitable energy-transition outcomes.